Types of Shots

Extreme long shot, this is used to set the scene and the use of corridors with this shot (often used in thrillers) gives a sense of claustrophobia, and mystery as you cannot always tell who is at the end of the tunnel/corridor/shot.

Long shot is the cused to view the entirety of character and can be used to determine what type of person or mood they are. On top of this it also shows you the scene.

Medium Shot is used to get up close and personal with the character.

Close-up, this type of shot is used to focus on one characters emotions and thoughts.

Extreme Close-up's, are used to show where the character is looking and perhaps to build the tension if you do not know who the character is and as you can only see a part of their face (often their eyes) it can unnerve the audience.
Bird's eye view, used to get the whole picture, often used in the credits/titles to distance yourself from the subject or to make what you are looking down on seem unimportant or small.
Worms eye view, this makes the subject (Boy) seem larger than life or makes you feel small.

Over-the-Shoulder shot, used often in thriller movies when characters are having a private/important conversation to make them seem sheltered. Also it's used when you dont need to see the speaker but you can hear them and see the reactions of the other person, e.g Pulp Fiction when Marsellus Wallace (Ving Rhames) is talking to Butch (Bruce Willis).

High angle shot, makes the subject look small and vulnerable.

Low angle shot, this makes the subject seem larger than life and adds a sense of importance to the subject of the shot.